September 30, 1935
The Archbishop of New York, Cardinal Hayes, graced the cover of Time magazine this week. The cover story begins like this:
Chicago's brisk, businesslike George William Cardinal Mundelein, 63, spent his days last week between his office, his residence, his cathedral, his villa at Mundelein, where on a nine-hole course he golfs in the high 40's. Boston's stocky, rugged William Henry Cardinal O'Connell, 75 and in the best of health, attended to routine business, looked in on a priests' retreat at St. John's Seminary. Philadelphia's austere Denis Cardinal Dougherty, 70, who lately bought a $215,000 house at Overbrook, was traveling quietly in Europe. The fourth U. S. Prince of the Roman Catholic Church, Patrick Joseph Cardinal Hayes of New York, had extraordinary priestly duties to perform. Clothed with vast and holy power, attended in proud dignity by a princely retinue, the Archbishop of New York set forth on an errand imposed upon him last month by His Holiness Pope Pius XI. Symbolically dispatched from the Pope's side and armed with all that Pontiff's authority and precedence. Cardinal Hayes was Legatus a latere to the Seventh National Eucharistic Congress, held this week in Cleveland.
According to Time, Hayes was the first "native-born" archbishop of New York. He apparently had interesting vacation experiences upstate:
Cardinal Hayes spends his summers in a rustic snuggery in the Catskills maintained by Dominican nuns. Once, roaming alone through nearby woods, he encountered a band of hooded Ku-Kluxers. The Cardinal muttered a prayer to his namesake St. Patrick. When a Ku-Kluxer lifted his hood it was to say that they were lost, and would he please tell them the way out of the woods. Out of this incident the amiable Cardinal made a little homily to the effect that just so does the True Church lead unbelievers from the woods.
In international news, the crisis over Italian aims to annex Ethiopia continued. A Committe of Five created by the League of Nations struggled to find a compromise solution to the crisis:
At first inclined to recommend that Italy be given a status over Ethiopia similar to that which Britain holds over the nominally independent Kingdom of Irak, the Committee finally decided to recommend for Ethiopia the status recommended by the League two years ago for Liberia and indignantly refused by that Negro Republic.
In effect this scheme was for Ethiopia's Emperor to consent to receive in Addis Ababa a League High Commissioner who would reorganize the Ethiopian police, finances, jurisprudence, education and health services. Numerous Europeans, nominated by the League, would be needed to put through these reforms. Depending on whether the reforming Europeans were predominantly Italian—and the Committee of Five omitted the vital question of their nationality completely last week—this plan might offer something or nothing to Il Duce.
Italy, however, rejected compromise:
Rome was first to reply. The Italian Government had just taken four steps: 1) announced a 5% war loan so huge that it shook down Rome's stock market several points; 2) obtained from King Vittorio Emanuele III a decree making Benito Mussolini the sole Italian arbiter of Peace or War; 3) set up a board of Italian fighting service commanders to co-ordinate army, air force and fleet move ments; 4) placed 10.000,000 Italians of both sexes on call for a "practice mobilization"—really a nationwide Fascist pep rally—liable to be announced at any hour this week. In Rome it was supposed to be highly significant that Il Papa, previously lukewarm toward Il Duce in the present crisis, gave his permission as Supreme Pontiff last week that the signal for Fascist mobilization shall be the ringing of Catholic church bells.
Happier news from New York City. There, Gershwin's Porgy and Bess was being prepared for its premiere. Time referred to the composition as "what may prove to be the finest attempt yet at a real U.S. opera." The work had been commissioned by the Theatre Guild. According to Time:
Production difficulties for the Gershwin opera have been to teach the Harlem Negroes a Southern accent, to drill by ear those who were unable to read a note, to help some members of the cast decide on names which will look imposing in the program. Great advantage has been the fact that none of the singers was handicapped at the start by having real grand opera ways. The principals, Porgy and Bess, have never sung on the stage before. Bess is one Anne Browne, a product of the Juilliard School of Music. Porgy is Todd Duncan, a Gershwin discovery from Howard University in Washington, D.C.
Chicago's brisk, businesslike George William Cardinal Mundelein, 63, spent his days last week between his office, his residence, his cathedral, his villa at Mundelein, where on a nine-hole course he golfs in the high 40's. Boston's stocky, rugged William Henry Cardinal O'Connell, 75 and in the best of health, attended to routine business, looked in on a priests' retreat at St. John's Seminary. Philadelphia's austere Denis Cardinal Dougherty, 70, who lately bought a $215,000 house at Overbrook, was traveling quietly in Europe. The fourth U. S. Prince of the Roman Catholic Church, Patrick Joseph Cardinal Hayes of New York, had extraordinary priestly duties to perform. Clothed with vast and holy power, attended in proud dignity by a princely retinue, the Archbishop of New York set forth on an errand imposed upon him last month by His Holiness Pope Pius XI. Symbolically dispatched from the Pope's side and armed with all that Pontiff's authority and precedence. Cardinal Hayes was Legatus a latere to the Seventh National Eucharistic Congress, held this week in Cleveland.
According to Time, Hayes was the first "native-born" archbishop of New York. He apparently had interesting vacation experiences upstate:
Cardinal Hayes spends his summers in a rustic snuggery in the Catskills maintained by Dominican nuns. Once, roaming alone through nearby woods, he encountered a band of hooded Ku-Kluxers. The Cardinal muttered a prayer to his namesake St. Patrick. When a Ku-Kluxer lifted his hood it was to say that they were lost, and would he please tell them the way out of the woods. Out of this incident the amiable Cardinal made a little homily to the effect that just so does the True Church lead unbelievers from the woods.
In international news, the crisis over Italian aims to annex Ethiopia continued. A Committe of Five created by the League of Nations struggled to find a compromise solution to the crisis:
At first inclined to recommend that Italy be given a status over Ethiopia similar to that which Britain holds over the nominally independent Kingdom of Irak, the Committee finally decided to recommend for Ethiopia the status recommended by the League two years ago for Liberia and indignantly refused by that Negro Republic.
In effect this scheme was for Ethiopia's Emperor to consent to receive in Addis Ababa a League High Commissioner who would reorganize the Ethiopian police, finances, jurisprudence, education and health services. Numerous Europeans, nominated by the League, would be needed to put through these reforms. Depending on whether the reforming Europeans were predominantly Italian—and the Committee of Five omitted the vital question of their nationality completely last week—this plan might offer something or nothing to Il Duce.
Italy, however, rejected compromise:
Rome was first to reply. The Italian Government had just taken four steps: 1) announced a 5% war loan so huge that it shook down Rome's stock market several points; 2) obtained from King Vittorio Emanuele III a decree making Benito Mussolini the sole Italian arbiter of Peace or War; 3) set up a board of Italian fighting service commanders to co-ordinate army, air force and fleet move ments; 4) placed 10.000,000 Italians of both sexes on call for a "practice mobilization"—really a nationwide Fascist pep rally—liable to be announced at any hour this week. In Rome it was supposed to be highly significant that Il Papa, previously lukewarm toward Il Duce in the present crisis, gave his permission as Supreme Pontiff last week that the signal for Fascist mobilization shall be the ringing of Catholic church bells.
Happier news from New York City. There, Gershwin's Porgy and Bess was being prepared for its premiere. Time referred to the composition as "what may prove to be the finest attempt yet at a real U.S. opera." The work had been commissioned by the Theatre Guild. According to Time:
Production difficulties for the Gershwin opera have been to teach the Harlem Negroes a Southern accent, to drill by ear those who were unable to read a note, to help some members of the cast decide on names which will look imposing in the program. Great advantage has been the fact that none of the singers was handicapped at the start by having real grand opera ways. The principals, Porgy and Bess, have never sung on the stage before. Bess is one Anne Browne, a product of the Juilliard School of Music. Porgy is Todd Duncan, a Gershwin discovery from Howard University in Washington, D.C.
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